Nature and Extent of Domestic Violence

Nature and Extent of Domestic Violence It is important to point out here that an adult is classed as any person over the age of eighteen years old. Family members are said to include mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, brothers, sisters or grandparents. It is also important to point out that using the term family members does not only mean that those directly related are included in this definition of domestic violence, as in-laws or step-family members are also defined as being family members (Home Office, 2010). The Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) also use this definition of domestic violence (ACPO, 2008). It is not uncommon, however, for various other agencies to have different definitions of domestic violence. This can prove to be a considerable problem when attempting to design and deliver services specifically aimed at tackling the problem of domestic violence (Humphries, Hester, Hague, Mullender, Abrahams and Lowe, 2000). This is a problem that will be considered in more depth in Chapter 4 when examining the implications of taking a multi-agency approach to tackling domestic violence. The extent of the problem According to the Home Office (2010): Domestic violence accounts for 14% of all violent incidents One incident of domestic violence is reported to the police every minute One in four women and one in six men will be a victim of domestic violence in their lifetime with women at a greater risk of repeat victimisation and serious injury Domestic violence currently claims the lives of around two women a week The victims The definition of domestic violence given by the government states that domestic violence occurs regardless of gender (Home Office, 2010; ACPO, 2008). This would suggest that victims of domestic violence are equally likely to be male as they are female. However, whilst it is true that both men and women can be victims of domestic violence, statistics show that in most cases of domestic violence the victims are women. On top of this, the government follow the statistic one in four women and one in six men will be a victim of domestic violence in their lifetime with with women at a greater risk of repeat victimisation and serious injury (Home Office, 2010) but fail to point out that the former part of the statistic is based on one-off events (Womens Aid, 2010a). With women being at an increased chance of repeat victimisation, the gap between the extents to which women experience domestic violence compared to men is probably much wider than government statistics tell us. It is for this reason that the main focus throughout this piece of work is on violence against women. In addition to all of this, it is once again vital to stress that, given the hidden nature of domestic violence, it will always be difficult to know exactly how many people men or women are victimised in their lifetime because of domestic violence. The nature of the problem It is firstly extremely significant to point out domestic violence is rarely a one-off event and, as mentioned previously, women are particularly likely to experience repeat victimisation (Home Office, 2010). Secondly, in every case of domestic violence power and control over the victim are remarkably evident. These points alone stress the fact that domestic violence is a devastating problem; however, by looking further into the nature of the abuse it is clear that this devastating problem is also awfully complicated. It would be fair to say that physical violence is the first thing that comes to mind when considering the type of abuse that a victim of domestic violence may suffer. However, by looking at the Government definition of domestic violence it becomes clear that most cases are much more complicated than this, as physical violence is just one element of domestic violence and domestic violence can occur with or without it. Other attributes of domestic violence, as stated in the Government definition, include threatening behaviour and/or psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional abuse (Home Office, 2010; ACPO, 2008). The Wheel of Violence (or sometimes referred to as the Wheel of Power and Control) reiterates this idea as it has been developed to show the different types of behaviour that constitute domestic violence (Womens Aid, 2007) and all of these behaviours are based on power and control. The Wheel of Violence suggests that there are eight different ways in which a perpetrator can gain power and control over their victim. These are: using coercion and threats, using intimidation, using emotional abuse, using isolation, minimizing, denying and blaming, using children, using male privilege and using economic abuse. A Wheel of Non-Violence (or sometimes referred to as the Wheel of Equality) has also been developed to show what a non-violent partnership looks like in comparison (Womens Aid, 2007). This wheel is also made up of eight components which include negotiation and fairness, respect and trust and support. Both of these wheels have been developed by the Duluth Domestic Abuse Intervention Project but are widely used by many agencies in the United Kingdom in an attempt to explain the nature of this complicated problem. During a three-day period of observing the work of the Sunflower Centre, a multi-agency support centre in Northampton, a copy of these wheels were provided and are included in Appendix 2. The point that is trying to be conveyed here is that in every case of domestic violence devastating harm is caused to the victim and when considering just how many victims there are, it is clear that something needs to be done to tackle this huge and complicated problem. However, because of the complicated nature of this problem, it often requires a response frequently involving more than one agency (Dominy Radford, 1996: 43). This is why, before discussing any multi-agency initiatives that attempt to tackle violence against women, it is important to consider which agencies come into contact with victims of domestic violence, why they may come into contact with them and how they, as a single agency, attempt to tackle the problem. Agencies concerned with tackling domestic violence Gill Hague, Ellen Malos and Wendy Dear (1996: 23-28) give an insight into who the major players are when it comes to dealing with domestic violence. They state that there are numerous agencies that come into contact with victims of domestic violence including those agencies who specialise in the issue and those in which domestic violence work forms only a small percentage of their duties (Hague et al, 1996: 23). The agencies listed in the work of Hague, Malos and Dear is provided here, however, a variety of sources will be used to explain why these particular agencies regularly come into contact with victims of domestic violence and how they attempt to tackle the problem. Womens Aid and local womens refuges Womens Aid are a core agency in attempting to tackle domestic violence as they are a national charity that specialise in violence against women. They work hard to help women who have suffered or are suffering violence in numerous ways. Firstly, they work hard to protect victims of domestic violence by ensuring that there are adequate laws, policies and practices in place for victims of domestic violence. Secondly, they try to prevent violence against women through their ongoing publicity campaigns and educational programmes and thirdly they provide numerous services for victims of domestic violence both locally (such as local refuges) and nationally (such as the National Domestic Violence Helpline). Womens Aid help approximately 250,000 women and children every year  (Womens Aid, 2010b)

Air France-KLM Business Model Essay

A full service network carrier’s business model is typically based upon the operations of a hub-and-spoke route network (Vespermann & Holztrattner 2010). Air France-KLM group currently operates the largest network between Europe and the rest of the world. The network is coordinated around the two intercontinental hubs of Roissy-Charles de Gaulle and Amsterdam-Schiphol airports. These two hubs are organised in waves known as banks, combine connecting with point-to-point traffic. Air France-KLM group has a fleet of 573 aircraft which serves 253 destinations in 105 countries worldwide. Created by the merger of Air France and KLM in 2004, the Air France-KLM Group focuses its activities in 3 main areas: passenger, cargo and aeronautical maintenance. The passenger business is Air France-KLM’s main activity, contributing some 80% of the Group’s revenues. As a FSNC, the Group offers all type of route network including short, medium and long-haul. In which, the short and medium-haul network is a cornerstone of the Group’s development as its profitability has seen a significant deterioration since the 2009 crisis. Therefore, Air France-KLM is now offering new services to Business and Premium Economy customers together with new catering. Passengers now have access to catering inspired by the service on long-haul flights. Air France and KLM also continue to improve their levels of in-flight service. The Economy class will be innovated and upgraded with new in-flight entertainment systems. While the Business class offers its passengers a high standard of comfort and greater privacy with a redesigned World Business Class cabin including new seats which convert into fully flat beds, a choice of meal tray and time of meal service based on their individual needs. To facilitate and improve the airport experience for customers, Air France and KLM are developing the use of new technologies to enable boarding autonomy and streamlin e the baggage drop-off process. In June 2012, the two airlines decided to enhance their program for their frequent flyer customers by offering more reward ticket seat availability on the Air France and KLM European network and increasing the opportunities to earn miles. The Group is also one of the founding members of SkyTeam, which enables it to extend and consolidate its reach across 187 countries. The cargo business is the second of the Group’s activities, representing some 11% of the total revenues. Air France-KLM has a market share of 29.6% in 2012 amongst the Association of European Airlines (AEA) and 6.6% at global  level. During the financial year, the Group transported more than 1.4 million tons of cargo of which 66% in the passenger aircraft and 33 % in the dedicated cargo fleet, to a network of 251 destinations. In 2012, the new commercial strategy was deployed worldwide to improve efficiency and adapt to market conditions, and satisfy customers through more effective contractual conditions, adjusted customer segmentation, the implementation of a stronger key account team aligned with the organization of customers and the rationalization and simplification of the product portfolio. The acquisition of a 25% equity interest in Alit alia enables the Group to step up cooperation with the Italian airline and reinforce its presence in the Italian market, the fourth largest in Europe. Aircraft maintenance is the Air France-KLM Group’s third business. This activity generates more than one billion euros of revenue with third-party customers. Aircraft Maintenance is an attractive market despite the growing constraints which was led by the economic crisis, continued with the reduction in flight schedules, route closures and the early retirement of the oldest aircraft. Also aircraft, engine and equipment manufacturers are developing their after-sales services on this market by offering clients increasingly-integrated maintenance solutions. AFI KLM E&M is well known as the number two global player in the multi-product MRO area by total revenues. AFI KLM E&M’s primary task is to guarantee the airworthiness of the Group’s fleet and oversee regulatory compliance. With 75-year-plus track record, AFI KLM E&M has the large-scale human, technical and financial resources it needs to carry out the job in terms of maintaining the group’s fleets, and of being a flagship player in the global marketplace. Air France-KLM group h as one of the largest fleets in Europe with 605 aircraft, in which 573 were operational, the detail is as shown below: At December 31, 2012, 40% of the total Group fleet was fully owned, 22% under finance lease, and 38% under operating lease. The Air France-KLM Group’s pro-active fleet aimed at ensuring a fleet scaled in line with traffic growth and achieving technical consistency, while reducing its environmental impact. Source: Air France-KLM References: Vespermann, J & Holztrattner, S 2010, ‘The air transport system’, in A Wald, C Fay & R Gleich (eds), Introduction to aviation management, LIT Verlag, Mà ¼nster, Germany. Airfranceklm-finance.com, 2013, ‘Strategy, [in] Activity, Registration Document 2012, Labrador, Europe, viewed on 1 Apr 2014, Airfranceklm-finance.com, 2013, Air France-KLM Fleet, Air France – KLM, Europe, viewed on 1 Apr 2014, < http://www.airfranceklm-finance.com/en/content/download/7482/45417/file/Flotte_VA_31122012.pdf> Airfranceklm-finance.com, n.d., Air France – KLM: Profile and key figures – Group, Air France – KLM, viewed on 1 Apr 2014, Airfranceklm-finance.com, n.d., Air France – KLM: Passenger – Activities – Group, Air France – KLM, viewed on 1 Apr 2014 Airfranceklm-finance.com, n.d., Air France – KLM: Cargo – Activities – Group, Air France – KLM, viewed on 1 Apr 2014 Airfranceklm-finance.com, n.d., Air F rance – KLM: Maintenance – Activities – Group, Air France – KLM, viewed on 1 Apr 2014 Afiklmem.com, n.d., Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance – Overview, AFI KLM E&M, viewed on 1 Apr 2014 Afiklmem.com, n.d., Air France Industries KLM Engineering & Maintenance – Key Figures, AFI KLM E&M, viewed on 1 Apr 2014

Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Essay Topics about Life

Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Essay Topics about Life What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Essay Topics about Life There are social facets and there are facets of the study if you're a student, there are aspects linked to hobbies and the typical everyday work. It's possible to write an essay about a specific advice which you have keep in your mind and heart. To start with, you've got to constantly work on your life. Our life is about words. Try out another topic and do the very same 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know it is simple to write on. If you haven't been assigned a topic, you have a bit more work to do. Remember your final grade significantly is based on the topic. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. The Importance of Essay Topics about Life Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Ever y argumentative essay ought to have an opposing view which can help you to prove you're right. A proposal essay is extremely easy to comprehend. Different essay types need various questions. The thesis provides you with a guideline on how best to go about with writing the essay. Our aim is to supply the very best essay writing service there's online to supply you with the ideal essay custom to your requirements. You are able to define a notion in your short essay. No matter the mission of the essay, be sure you're interested in your topic. If you're looking for college essay examples, here's a great one below. Or the paper might concentrate on medical discoveries, like the polio vaccine or penicillin. Therefore, should you need help with an essay no issue! Your essay might incorporate the factors for teen pregnancy and talk about the present rates of teen pregnancy and potential solutions. You may write a very simple essay on the acceptable age to vote or suitable age to be in a position to purchase alcohol. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. As you finalize your topic choice, be certain to settle on a process you've completed many occasions and you can explain to another person. Keep in mind you've seen and felt something in real and the sole method to let others do the exact same is to use the proper words. There can be things you'll be looking at without knowing they will make great essay topics. The Principles of Essay Topics about Life That You Can Benefit From Beginning Today Persuasive essays are an excellent means to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. Don't forget that expository essays are supposed to explain something as opposed to give personal opinions on a specific subject or event. Music can make complete strangers feel like they've connected to a kindred soul. It is the most inspirational phenomena I can think of for a multitude of reasons. Here's What I Know About Essay Topics about Life If you're given the subject, you ought to think about the kind of paper that you need to produce. Other people point to media and societal pressures. Our strict no distribution policy means we'll never, re-sell a c ustom made paper. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you should clearly show your analytical skills. While an essay is a big project, there are lots of steps a student can take which will help break down the task into manageable components. Our essay writing services are a simple, stress-free alternate to achieving your aims. If your essay is describing a process, including how to make a huge chocolate cake, make sure your paragraphs fall in the right purchase. Your thesis needs to be relevant so the guide can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. To compose a high-quality paper, you've got to understand how to select your topic properly and utilize it to create a practical outline. Well, grading papers can be rather dull. The Ugly Side of Essay Topics about Life If you're in need for an essay writer, ge t in contact with us today and have the difference as you score the ideal grades in your class. You have the ideal experience or achievement in your life prior to going to college. For instance, you can pick a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no legitimate approach to provide a free college education as colleges would still have to be funded (likely through tax dollars).

How Buzzfeeds Rise Signals The End Of Journalism

It seems like every day, I’m reading yet another article about how BuzzFeed’s rise signals the end of journalism as we know it, plunging us into an era where mindless drones, void of any journalistic integrity, occupy a barren digital landscape stripped of anything of substance, but filled with a barrage of listicles and personality quizzes. Personally, I think people are overreacting: BuzzFeed has never claimed to be The Wall Street Journal, so why are we holding it to such high standards? And the last time I checked, WSJ, The New York Times, The Washington Post and a myriad of other â€Å"respectable† publications are still here. They haven’t been sucked into the same black hole of irrelevance that AltaVista and MySpace went to die. So why are people freaking out? I think we just assume that everyone these days is off reading garbage like BuzzFeed instead of The New York Times. And while sites like the Times have millions of readers, it is true that BuzzFeed is growing more popular, especially with the younger generation (does it make me sound old when I use phrases like â€Å"the younger generation†?). Whether you like it or not, that’s partly because BuzzFeed has an undeniably better digital strategy than a lot of the more established outlets, and I think that’s something to respect and learn from. Digital dominance First, BuzzFeed has done a lot to make its site a community and not just a destination. Sure, not all of its quizzes are winners, but by having such quizzes andShow MoreRelatedInternational Media s Coverage Of An Event Essay3208 Words   |  13 PagesSuch can be observed with the international media’s coverage of the hostage crisis that took place on the 15th-16th of December in the Lindt chocolate cafà © in Martin Place, Sydney. Though some news providers were successful in providing responsible journalism, the dearth of official information surrounding the event saw another sector of outlets adversely exercise extremely poor reporting. Due to the overwhelming breadth of coverage given to the event, this essay will focus solely on the stories that